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Globally, lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, warranting the exploration of novel and effective therapeutic approaches. Soy-fermented food products have long been associated with potential health benefits, including anticancer properties. There is still a lack of understanding of the active components of these drugs as well as their underlying mechanistic pathways responsible for their anti-lung cancer effects. In this study, we have undertaken an integrated approach combining network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate the mechanism of action of soy-fermented food products against lung cancer through simulation and in vitro validation. Using network pharmacology, we constructed a comprehensive network of interactions between the identified isoflavones in soy-fermented food products and lung cancer-associated targets. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding affinities of these compounds with key lung cancer-related proteins. Additionally, molecular simulation was utilized to investigate the stability of the compound-target complexes over time, providing insights into their dynamic interactions. Our results identified daidzein as a potential active component in soy-fermented food products with high binding affinities towards critical lung cancer targets. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the daidzein-MMP9 and daidzein-HSP90AA1 complexes, suggesting their potential as effective inhibitors. Additionally, in vitro validation experiments demonstrated that treatment with daidzein significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and suppressed cancer cell migration and the invasion of A549 lung cancer cells. Consequently, the estrogen signaling pathway was recognized as the pathway modulated by daidzein against lung cancer. Overall, the findings of the present study highlight the therapeutic potential of soy-fermented food products in lung cancer treatment and provide valuable insights for the development of targeted therapies using the identified bioactive compounds. Further investigation and clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and translate them into clinical applications for improved lung cancer management.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to characterize the bioactive ingredients and antiulcer effects of Lactuca sativa leaves. Several bioactive chemicals were found in the cold methanolic extract of Lactuca sativa leaves after gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) research: 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl-, n-hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl, octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, benzothiazole, ethyl iso-allocholate, and octacosane. Distinct fingerprint regions in GCMS indicated the existence of bioactive compounds. The leaf powder of Lactuca sativa (LPL) demonstrated substantial antiulcer properties at 400 mg/kg, which was almost equivalent to the standard drug at 20 mg/kg. The cytokine network was efficiently regulated by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α. The levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were also considerably lowered at p < 0.05 significant level.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Risky riding is one of the major contributing factors in road fatalities. The present study aimed to explore the risky riding behaviors and its correlates in two-wheeler riding young men, as ascertained from pillion riders' perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey that captured perspective of pillion riders about two-wheeler riding young men with whom they used to pillion ride most frequently was administered on 115 subjects. The survey consisted of items pertaining to risky riding, perceived impact of negative emotion on riding, expression of negative emotion on roads in response to frustrating situations, road traffic accidents, and pillions' strategies to reduce anger/stress in their two-wheeler riders. RESULTS: Two-wheeler riders who comprised young men were categorized into two groups: (i) high-risk riding group (n = 54 [48%]) and (ii) low-risk riding group (n = 61 [52%]) based on the subjective report of risky riding behaviors by their pillion riders. The results showed that negative emotions were perceived to have adverse influence on riding in persons with high-risky riding. Pillion riders reported that two-wheeler riding young men with high-risky riding expressed more aggressive behaviors (verbal and nonverbal) while riding in response to frustrating situations and also experienced near misses and minor accidents more frequently than their counterparts. Pillion riders reported utilizing various strategies to regulate emotions and behaviors of two-wheeler riders. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlights assessing risky riding and their correlates from pillion riders' perspective and strengthening their positive influence on two-wheeler riding. It has significant implications in minimizing risky behaviors on roads and enhancing road safety.
RESUMO
CONTEXT: Concerns about road safety have been increasingly associated with two-wheeler riding and especially with young commuters in India. AIMS: The study was designed to explore inclination to speeding and to profile the driving behaviors in two-wheeler riding young men and women who reported a tendency to ride faster than their peers. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey design was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of three focus group discussions and review of literature, a survey was prepared to tap domains such as affect states associated with riding/speeding, factors contributing to speeding, inclination for competing, perceived speed and safety, etc. The study sample comprised of 961 two-wheeler riding college-going young men and women in Bangalore. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used including Chi-square, Spearman's rank correlation, and independent sample t-test. RESULTS: The sample was divided into two subgroups on the basis of self-report of greater speeding than one's peers. A subgroup of 349 participants endorsed the item regarding inclination to ride faster than one's peers, whereas, the remaining 612 participants did not endorse it. The profiles of these two subgroups were obtained in terms of sociodemographic variables, riding behaviors, and associated domains. Significant differences between the subgroups emerged on domains such as motives for riding fast, tendency for competing, perceived safety and frequency of minor accidents while riding. CONCLUSIONS: Several correlates of the tendency to speeding among young two-wheeler riders emerged that have implications for enhancing safe riding.
